Understanding the 4 Personality Types: A, B, C, and D of Building Ace Team

Amidst the various interpretations of personality, understanding the Four personality types - A, B, C, and D, and its role in screening candidates can be difficult. This blog demystifies the basic four types of personality in psychology and breaks the surrounding myths to help you dive into the advantages it has to offer. 

The History of the Four Personality Types

Four personality types of humans were first mentioned and described by the philosopher and 'father of medicine', Hippocrates back in Ancient Greece. His description was primarily based on fluid composition of the human body or the Humoral Theory of medicine that classified people into 4 types of personality in psychology--Choleric, Phlegmatic, Sanguine, and Melancholic.

Fast forward to the mid 20th Century, and the ABCD personality types was an accidental discovery of Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenman, two cardiologists who observed stark differences between two distinct behaviors of people. According to their formal research, Type A people were mostly competitive, hostile, aggressive, and were more prone to heart issues. 

On the other hand, Type B personality types were relaxed, patient and easy going and typically less likely to develop heart problems and blood pressure. Over time, they expanded their study to include two more categories 'Type C' and 'Type D'. While 'Type C' people were distinctively characterized by qualities such as being detail-oriented, precise and logical,  Type 'D' people are  known to be pessimistic and anxious. 

This study laid a framework that bridged contemporary belief to scientific insights and opened the opportunity to study the complexity of the human psyche in more detail. The types of personality in psychology influence not only what we do but also how we do it.

Therefore, personality tests are important tools to identify the right candidate that fits your job role, as well as your organization culture! Coming back to the main theme, how does personality evaluation help in fitment identification? Let’s take a quick look at the compilation of people’s personality types, their behavioral patterns, and the corresponding behavioral competencies in the context of hiring.

Overview: The 4 Personality Types

Recognising these different personality styles improves team dynamics. Managers who leverage the knowledge of the types of personality in organisational behaviour can tailor communication, delegate effectively, and resolve conflicts with nuance. It influences collaboration, leadership, conflict resolution, and even hiring success. 

If you've ever wondered how to find personality types in your team, the ABCD personality model offers a simplified lens to decode the various personality types present in the workplace. Let’s first take a snapshot of what each type represents:

What is a Type A Personality?

Type A personality comes at the forefront of personality types A, B, C, and D. They hold the top position even in its core characteristics. This personality is fueled by a sense of urgency, a huge ambition and a competitive temperament. These are often the leaders or the managers at your organization. To find even a hint of type A's personality traits would mean you have found the hidden gems of your workforce. 

Type A Personality Characteristics

Type A personality can be characterized by their palpable energy. Individuals with this trait often strive to be on the top and seek perfection and excellence at work. These people are no doubt the best frontliners at their organization. Here's a checklist of traits to help you identify your type A personality: 

• Time Conscious: Type A personalities thrive in start-ups and dynamic settings, driven by a constant sense of urgency.
• Competitiveness: They are natural competitors, typically excelling and leading the pack through sheer determination.
• Goal-Oriented: With a focus on setting and achieving ambitious goals, Type A individuals are key assets for their companies.
• Multitasking: They are adept at handling multiple tasks, a skill highly valued in today’s fast-paced work environments.
• Leadership: Type A’s are inclined towards leadership, adept at planning and inspiring teams with strategic vision.
• Stress Tolerance: They perform best under pressure, showing remarkable resilience in the face of challenges.

Pros and Cons of Hiring a Type A Personality

While type A personality is a gem in the rough, they frequently suffer from overdoing themselves. People with this personality tend to be aggressive and exhibit less tolerance to obstruction. They may resort to an independent working style, which will make it hard for team members to approach or confront them. So, is their overall character a good fit for the workplace? Let's see:

To identify Type A personality from a heap of qualified applicants, HRs can effectively rely on Situational Judgment Tests (see our deep dive in What Is a Situational Judgement Test) and Structured interview examples. This tool directly or indirectly checks for the people's personality types with core behavioral traits such as impatience, hostility, competitiveness, and capacity. 

What is a Type B Personality?

The contrasting other personality in the quadrant is type B personality. It includes all individuals who prefer to go with the flow, and are flexible, relaxed and internally satisfied. These people have high social and interpersonal skills, are sensitive to their surroundings, and are less reactive to unfavorable conditions. They comprise a major portion of the workforce at every organization.

Type B Personality Characteristics

Type B personality people are like salt, while their presence may not be loud, but their absence speaks for the position they hold. Being laid-back and non-ambitious may make them sound like a less preferred candidate, but it's too early to judge this book by its cover. Here are some more characteristic traits of type B personality you must not ignore:

• Relaxed Attitude: They remain calm under pressure, fostering a stress-free work environment, ideal for high-pressure roles.
• Flexibility: Their adaptability and openness to change suit versatile roles and dynamic work settings.
• Creativity: Known for innovative thinking, they thrive in roles that value creativity and new ideas.
• Interpersonal Skills: With strong communication and listening skills, they enhance team collaboration and client relations.
• Work-Life Balance: They prioritize balance, leading to well-rounded, satisfied employees less prone to burnout.
• Non-Competitive Nature: Preferring collaboration to competition, they contribute to a cooperative team atmosphere.

Pros and Cons of Hiring a Type B Personality

Type B personality can bring a mix of advantages and disadvantages of hiring with them. Though they are certain about finding a balance and keeping things just right, they miss out on many opportunities and are often unwilling to take up hectic responsibilities. The table below will help you see their personality as a whole: 

It is important to note that these characteristics are general to type B personality, however it may not apply to every individual with similar characteristics. This is because human nature is way too dynamic to have a certain conclusion. Hence, when you are assessing candidates for a job, it is beneficial to look at the whole person and how their unique blend of traits fits with your job requirements and team dynamics. 

Type A vs. Type B Personality

Being in contrast to each other, they also make complimentary team members. Cracking the code of productive team dynamics involves identification and orientation of different personality types in their suitable position. Here is a comprehensive compilation of how type A personality and type B personality functions: 

While too little ambition can never build a high performing team, too much aggressive working can break one. Therefore, managers and HR professionals need to find a right balance with an  in-depth awareness of all the types of personality in psychology. 

What is a Type C Personality?

Unlike Type A or Type B personality, Type C is a combination of the best traits of both and some unique  characteristics of themselves. These individuals are cautious, focused, and consistent in all aspects of their life. They hide a ton of potential within themselves that can be unlocked with the right training and management. 

Type C Personality Characteristics 

At its core, type C personality holds mystic characteristics that make them unique amongst all the other three personality types. They tend to be introverts, and prefer working alone most of the time. Team dependency draws their productivity down. The traits that are mostly observed in type C personality are as follows:

• Quiet: They tend to be reserved and introspective most of the time.
• Focused: Type C individuals are best known for their ability to concentrate deeply on tasks.
• Introverted: They often prefer an independent working style and may have trouble opening up emotionally.
• Thoughtful: Type C personalities are very considerate of others’ needs and strive for group harmony.
• Controlled: They exhibit self-restraint and like to maintain control over their environment.
• Cooperative: Despite their introverted nature, they work well within teams and strive for group harmony.
• Creative: People of Type C personality have a creative side that can come up with innovative solutions.
• Conflict-Resistant: These individuals tend to avoid conflict and prioritize maintaining peace.

Pros and Cons of Hiring a Type C Personality

Like every other personality type in psychology, Type C also comes in a package of both good and bad sides of themselves. It is important to weigh the proportion of strength and weaknesses in an individual belonging to type C personality. The composition of their traits may present this personality type uniquely for different situations and settings. The following table will help you check your preference over their positive and negative traits: 

As type C personality people are sensitive to their environment and to changes, a necessity to mold the system pops up. Aligning the role and work environment with the individual’s personality traits can maximize their potential and encourage them to make their best contribution towards the organization.

What is a Type D Personality?

'D' for distressed or discomforted is what people with Type D personality are characterized as. They have a high volatile mood, a tendency to experience negative emotions, and may resort to escaping when faced with challenges. Type D personality may exhibit lack of self-confidence and suffer from imposter syndrome. However, due to their extra cautious side, they are well prepared in advance to face adversities. How do they contribute to the workplace? Let's look into their core characteristics in detail.

Type D Personality Characteristics

• Negative Affectivity: They frequently experience negative emotions like fear, anxiety, and depression.
• Social Inhibition: Type D individuals often feel uncomfortable in social interactions and may avoid them altogether.
• Pessimism: They tend to have a half-empty glass view of life and often expect negative outcomes.
• Organized: They often prefer structured environments and can bring a high level of organization to their roles.
• Supportive: Known for being caring and compassionate, they can provide strong support to their teams.
• Problem-Solving: Despite their challenges, they can be effective problem-solvers when they feel secure in their roles.

In the workplace, Type D individuals might be more prone to stress and burnout due to their high levels of emotional distress and tendency to suppress their feelings. They may also find it challenging to form close relationships with colleagues, which can impact team dynamics.

Pros and Cons of Hiring Type D Personality

Type D personality too comes with a range of good traits along with the bad. In a healthy and secure working environment, these individuals tend to perform their best and contribute meaningfully. Here's how hiring a type D personality can affect your workplace dynamics: 

Understanding these traits can help in making informed decisions when hiring or managing people with Type D personality talent. This personality type may require time to time counseling and encouragement to make them believe they are noticed and appreciated for their hard work. 

Other Personality Types: Type X Personality

The Type X personality isn’t part of the traditional four personality types—A, B, C, or D—but combines traits from multiple different personality types. These individuals are flexible, creative, and adaptable, often excelling in both leadership and support roles. Their versatility makes them ideal for fast-paced, evolving work environments where diverse skills and quick role shifts are essential.

How These 4 Personality Types Show Up at Work?

Recognizing the different types of personality in day-to-day workplace behaviour can elevate how you manage, collaborate, and lead. Whether you're aiming to optimize team dynamics or seeking how to find personality type that best suits a role, understanding how these various personality types manifest in real scenarios is crucial.

Here’s how each type typically shows up at work:

Type A – The Assertive Achiever: Pushes for deadlines, sets high standards, and thrives in high-stakes projects. They often take initiative before being asked and expect the same drive from others. In team settings, they focus on efficiency and performance.

Type B – The Bright Connector: Brings warmth, open communication, and a people-first approach. They are team cheerleaders, great at resolving interpersonal issues and keeping morale high. Often found driving culture and community within the workplace.

Type C – The Cautious Analyzer: Prefers structured tasks, detailed planning, and data-backed decision-making. They're often behind well-organized processes, risk assessments, and quality checks. Expect deep focus and independence from this type.

Type D – The Deliberate Stabilizer: Valued for their consistency, reliability, and calming presence. They resist chaos and prefer clearly defined roles. Often the go-to person during transitions or times that require steadiness and support.

Each of these various personality types brings unique strengths - and potential blind spots. When employers understand how to find personality types accurately using pre-employment aptitude tests and other assessment tools, they unlock deeper insight into team roles, motivators, and long-term performance.

4 Personalities vs. Other Different Personality Type Models

As complex as the human psyche is, the personality differentiators too have a diverse range. From focusing on certain traits to observing the broad characteristics of individuals. To find the best tool that helps you assess your candidate, you must compare the available options. 

As part of the roles and responsibilities of HR, we’ve compiled the top personality model preferences of HR professionals to screen candidates and assess their existing workforce:

Each of these personality models alongside the ABCD personality type model offers unique insights into 'why people do what they do'. Assessing with personality model driven psychometric tests can be used for different HR operations such as hiring, team building, training, employee orientation, performance management, improving workplace environment, etc.

Conclusion

Now that you know various personality types and their work styles, we can help you find the right fitment for you! PMaps Assessment solutions ensure you stay ahead with not just technology, but actionable insights. Our tools are rooted in the Big Five Traits and 16 Personality Factor Test model, delivering fair, AI-powered analysis for informed hiring and development.

Before you assess your team, take a moment to find your personality and experience the same insight your candidates will. PMaps’ AI and ML-powered psychometric assessments go beyond the basic kinds of personality, offering a deeper, research-backed view. 

Start with a ‘find your personality test’ and hop on to a 7-day free trial to explore how our tools help you build balanced, high-performing teams. Ready to elevate your talent strategy? Visit our personality assessment page, call us at 8591320212, or email us at assessment@pmaps.in to book a quick pilot today.